Expressions of Describing Process, Suggestion, Necessity and Persuading

A. Describing Process
          Pernah kan kita baca resep suatu memasak dan cara memasaknya, atau juga kita pernah baca bagaimana cara untuk menggunakan suatu alat ?

           Ayo coba kita pelajari materi dibawah ini :
     

The Expressions:

I. Beginning

- The first thing you do is....

 - To begin with.....

 - To start with....

 - First.....

II. Continuing

- And .....

 - Then .....

 - And then .....

 - Next ..... + verb in imperative form

 - After this ...... (infinitive without to)

 - Following this.....

 - When (this done)/(you’ve done this) ......

 - Once (this is done) / (you’ve done this) ......

 - While (something else is happening) .......

III. Ending

- Finally .....

 - Lastly ......

 - To finish .....

Example : 

How to make an omelette

We need at least 4 eggs per omelette. First, break the eggs carefully into a bowl and season with salt and freshly milled pepper. Then beat them with fork. After this, heat the oil, not too much heat, just heat it. Then pour the eggs into the hot pan. Carefully tap the pan so that the cooked omelette moves and slightly overlaps the pan edge. And then gently fold this overlap in toward the centre it should only go one third distance. Now arrange your chosen filling in the centre of the omelette and finally, fold the other edge in towards the middle.

How to change a spare tire

First the nuts on the wheel should be loosened. The second step is to raise the car with a jack. Next, the nuts are removed and the wheel is taken off. After that, the spare wheel is put on, and the nuts are replaced. Then, the car is lowered to the ground. Finally, make sure the nuts are completely tightened before you drive away.

 It can be seen that changing a tire is not difficult. As long as the right equipment is used and the right procedure is followed, you will be able to continue your journey quickly.

B. Asking and Giving Suggestion
           Kita semua pasti pernah dan sering kan ngasih saran sama temen2 atau juga minta saran dari temen2        ato mungkin orang yang kita anggap sebagai sahabat, tapi pernah ga kalian minta dan ngasih saran (asking      and giving suggestion) pake bahasa inggris....
     Nah dibawah ini ada cara asking and giving suggestion dan juga contohnya :
 

Asking Suggestions:	Giving Suggestions:
- What do you recommend we do about .....?  - What would you advice us to do?  - Do you have any suggestions?  - What would you do about...?  - What do you think I should do?  - What do you suggest?  - Would you like to.....  - Shall we go....  - Let’s go...  - How about going....  - What about going....	- I would recommend that you ....  - My advice would be to ...  - May I suggest that we...  - If I were you, I would....  - I think you should....  - Maybe you should...  - Why don’t you...
Accepting Suggestions	Rejecting Suggestions
- I agree with that.  - That sounds like a good idea.  - Ok why don’t we do that.  - That’s very interesting	- I’m sorry, I can’t agree with that.  - I don’t think that’s good idea  - I don’t think we should do that.  - That’s very interesting, but....

          Example :
John : Hi John, would you like to do something with me this weekend?
Jane : Sure. What shall we do?
John : I don't know. Do you have any ideas?
Jane : Why don't we see a film?
John : That's sounds good to me. Which film shall we see?
Jane : Let's see "Action Man 4".
John : I'd rather not. I don't like violent films. How about going to "Mad Doctor Brown"? I hear it's quite a funny film.
Jane : OK. Let's go see that. When is it on?
John : It's on at 8 o'clock at the Rex. Shall we have a bite to eat before the film? 
Jane : Sure, that sounds great. What about going to that new Italian restaurant 'Michetti's'?
John : Great idea! Let's meet there at six.
Jane : OK. I'll see you at 'Michetti's' at six. Bye.
John : Bye.


C. Expressions of Necessity
           Ungkapan – ungkapan untuk menyatakan keharusan dan kewajiban (necessity and obligation)          

          The modal verbs of necessity are have to/has to, had to and must.

     Kegunaan must and have to/has to:
          Have to /has to, must dan mustn’t digunakan untuk membicarakan necessity (keharusan) diwaktu               sekarang (present) dan akan datang (future).

    Example :
    He has to attend the meeting tomorrow.
    Students must pass an entrance examination to study at this school
    He mustn't be late for the meeting.
    All applicants must take an entrance exam.

         Kegunaan had to:
    Had to digunakan untuk necessity diwaktu lampau (past)

    Example :
    He had to attend the meeting yesterday.
    I had to study last night.
   We didn't have to get a permit to enter the national park.

D. Expressions used in persuading and convincing
          Ungkapan –ungkapan untuk meyakinkan dan membujuk orang lain (convincing and persuading) agar         menerima pendapat atau usulan yang diajukan
     • Persuading
     Learn some expressions to show persuasions
    - If I were you, I would just stay at home
    - I think you ought to....
    - You’d better....
    - It might be a bad idea if ....
    - You should ....
    - My advice would be to ....
    - I would .... if I were in your position.

    • Convincing Others
    Learn some expressions to convince others.
    - I assure you, I can do the job well.
    - I convince you, I’m the right person to do the job.
    - I believe I am the only person who can finish this job on time.
    - I assure you, we can make it real
    - I convince you to do what I say.
    - I believe you should decide your own decision.
    - I ensure you to believe me.

TUGAS UNTUK KELAS XI Akuntansi, XI Tata Busana dan XI TKR
1. Make a describing process of your favorite food with your own word!
2. Make a suggestion dialogue!
3. Make a necessity dialogue!
4. Make a persuading dialogue!


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Giving Location and Direction

Ada beberapa cara untuk memberikan arah atau lokasi (giving direction and location) kepada orang lain, silahkan pelajari beberapa diantaranya dibawah ini :

Expressions used for finding places in the buildings

Asking for Directions

Giving Directions

1. Where is the…………………………..? 2. Can you tell me where…………….is? 3. How do I get to……………………….? 4. I'm looking for…………………………? 5. Where can I find………………………?      6. Could you tell me how to get                               to………….,please?

1.  Go straight ahead 2.  Turn left/right at the………./ as you come out of the elevator. 3.  Go across the… 4.  Go upstairs/downstairs. 5.    Go up/down in the elevator/lift. 6.    Go up/down on the escalator. 7.    Take the elevator/lift to… 8.    It's on the… 9.    It's in the basement… 10.It's next to/beside… 11.It's between…and… 12.It's at the end of the corridor      13. It's on your right/left.

A.   Read the dialogue below and answer the questions

Situation : Mr. Hermawan is out of his town. He doesn’t know how to get to BCA bank,  so he stops a man in the street.

 Mr. Hermawan          : Excuse me, can you tell me where the nearest BCA bank is?

 Man                               : BCA bank? I'm sorry. I don't know. I'm not came from around here.

Then he meets a policeman and asks him the direction.

 Mr. Hermawan          : Excuse me, where's the nearest BCA bank, please?

Policeman                  : Go straight down this street. Turn left at the T-junction, BCA bank is just                                                        around the corner, on your left.

Mr Hermawan            : How far is it from here?

Policeman                     : It will take about 5 minutes if you go there on foot.

Mr. Hermawan           : Thank you very much. I’m sure I’ll find it easily, if I walk there.

Policeman                     : Sure, but there’s one thing you have to know.

Mr. Hermawan           : What’s that?

Policeman                     : Today is Saturday. The bank is closed.

Mr. Hermawan           : But not the ATM service, don’t you think? I just need to withdraw some cash.

                                             Thanks anyway.

1.         Why does Mr. Hermawan ask the direction to the BCA?

_________________________________________________

2.         Whom does he ask the direction to?

_________________________________________________

3.         Does he get the answer as he expect before? Why/ why not?

_________________________________________________

4.         What does he do then?

_________________________________________________

5.         Does he get a satisfying answer?

_________________________________________________

6.         Do you think the bank is close or far?

_________________________________________________

7.         How does Mr. Hermawan go to the bank?

_________________________________________________

8.         How long does it take to go there?

_________________________________________________

9.         Is the bank closed or open?

_________________________________________________

10.     Why does Mr. Hermawan look for the BCA bank?

_________________________________________________

B.    Study the display below!

FLOOR 3 Guest room 301-320 Tennis court Swimming pool	FLOOR 2 Guest room 201-225 Bussiness centre Krida Loka conference room
FLOOR 1 Guest room 101-125 Bojana Restaurant Karya Graha conference room	GROUNDFLOOR Hotel store Reception Coffee shop Travel  agent Money changer
BASEMENT Parking Area Sauna Fitness centre

C.    Look   at the display panel and answer the questions.

1.       Have you ever seen this panel?

___________________________________________

2.       Where did you see it?

___________________________________________________

3.       What did it tell you about?

 _______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

D.   Look at the panel above and answer the questions about the location of certain places. Number one is done for you.

1.       Where is the coffee shop?

It’s on the ground floor.

2.       Can you tell me where the Bojana Restaurant is?

________ _______________________________

3.       Where is room 224?

 ______________________________________________________

4.       Are there any stores around here?

___________________________________________

5.       Where can I find the sauna?

 ________________________________________________

6.       How do I get to Krida Loka Conference room?

_______________________________________________________________________

7.       I’m looking for the business central. Where can I find it?

_______________________________________________________________________

TUGAS UNTUK KELAS X Akuntansi (AK1 dan AK2, X Tata Busana (TB1 dan TB2) dan X TKR

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Expressing Capabilities

kita pasti punya kemampuan atau kebisaan yang bisa kita lakukan,dan sering juga kita tanya sama temen ato sahabat kita tentang apa sich yang dia bisa ato tidak bisa dia lakukan, dibawah ini ada beberapa cara dan contohnya :

A. Study the dialogue below!
1. Valet: Laundry, may I help you?
   Guest: I need a button sewn on a shirt. Can you do it for me?
   Valet: Yes, Sir. We will be able to have it done for you.
   Guest: Thank you. By the way, can I get it back before 5 p.m.?
   Valet: Certainly, Sir. I’ll send someone up for it immediately.

2. Interviewer:  I wonder if you can operate Microsoft Windows.
    Interviewee: Yes, Ma’am. I can operate Word, Excel, and Power Point as well. Besides, I’m able 

                       to take short hands.
    Interviewer: Good. Can you speak Japanese or Chinese?
    Interviewee: I’m sorry, Ma’am. I can’t either speak Japanese or Chinese.

3. Customer: My motorcycle can’t run more than 60 kilometers per hour. It could run to 110 kilometers before.

                    What can you do?
    Mechanic: Let us check the engine and find out what is wrong with it.
    Customer: Can you fix it if the problem is major?
    Mechanic: We’ll see what we can do and let you know the result.

EXPLANATORY NOTES

NO	EXAMPLES	EXPLANATION
1.	I can swim very well	Can expresses capability in the present.
2.	I can’t either speak Japanese or Chinese	Can’t is the negative form of Can. It may be written can’t or cannot.
3.	The car could speed up to 200 km/hour before it was broken.	Could expresses ability in the past. Could is the past form of Can.
4.	I couldn’t ride motorbike when I was a child.	Couldn’t is the negative form of could.
5.	I am able to operate Microsoft Power Point quite well.	Be able to is another term expresses capability in the present. Be: am, is, are, have been, has been
6.	I was able to run 12 kilometers before I got twisted ankle.	Be able to is also used in the past. Be: was, were
7.	Mary will be able to take a make up exam.	Be able to is also used in future. Be: will
8.	Mr. and Mrs. Miller were unable to find an inexpensive apartment.	Be unable to is the negative form of be able to.

B. Read the text below then answer the questions!

A TEENAGE GENIUS

Ivan Mirsky was born in Russia but now lives in America with his father, Vadim. They live in a one-room flat in Brooklyn.

Ivan doesn’t go to school and his father doesn’t have a job. They practice chess problem all day, every day.

Ivan was different from a very young age: he could ride a bike when he was eighteen months old, and read before he was two. He could play cards at three and piano at four. When he was twelve, he was the under-20 chess champion in Russia.

His father can’t speak English and can’t play chess either.

Ivan translates for him. Vadim says,” I know that I can’t play chess, but I can still help Ivan. We don’t like playing sports or watching TV. We live for chess”.

Taken from: Headway, Liz & John Soars

        

1.       Where was Ivan born?  

2.        Does he live in Russia or America?

3.        Who is Vandim?

4.        Does Ivan go to school? Does Vandim have a job?

5.        What do they do every day?

6.        Why was Ivan different from a very young age?

7.        How old was he when he could read?

8.        What was his achievement when he was twelve?

9.        Can his father speak English? Can he play chess?

10.     What do they live for?

C. find what Ivan and his father can do, can’t do, could do. Number one is done for you

1.      Ivan could ride bicycle when he was eight months.

2.      ………………………………………………………....

3.      ………………………………………………………….

4.      ………………………………………………………….

5.      ………………………………………………………….

6.      ………………………………………………………….

TUGAS UNTUK KELAS X Akuntansi, X Tata Busana (TB1 dan TB2) dan X TKR

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